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- Title
- ABC Television Crew Films ERP Guerrillas In El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-05-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A television crew from ABC films a young fighter from the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP, as guerrillas stop commercial traffic along the Pan American Highway in Usulatán department, El Salvador, May 1, 1983. Guerrilla tactics for disrupting the transportation of commercial goods were employed in protest of economic inequality and to show defiance to the authoritarian state regime.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Economy; Development; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (ERP); Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- United States
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Timothy Ross
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0102_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96230
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Coffee Plantation In El Salvador
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Laborers gather 60 kg bags of picked green coffee beans in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The coffee industry, once the backbone of El Salvador's export economy, has been in decline since the civil war, with factors including the decrease in the price of coffee on the market and continued warfare between government security forces and insurgents. In the last decades, the effects of climate change have emerged as a central concern for the industry in El Salvador and other neighboring Central American countries.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Development
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0159_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96287
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Coffee Plantation In El Salvador
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Laborers gather 60 kg bags of picked green coffee beans in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The coffee industry, once the backbone of El Salvador's export economy, has been in decline since the civil war, with factors including the decrease in the price of coffee on the market and continued warfare between government security forces and insurgents. In the last decades, the effects of climate change have emerged as a central concern for the industry in El Salvador and other neighboring Central American countries.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Development
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0158_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96286
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Journalists And Locals Navigate The Pan American Highway Near San Vicente
- Date
- 1983-06-24
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- United Press International, UPI, photographer Ivan Montesinos, center, uses a white flag to indicate to armed guerrillas ahead on the road that he and his colleagues are traveling in peace along the Pan American Highway to San Vicente, El Salvador, June 24, 1983. Every major paper and wire service had a bureau in El Salvador while international concern maintained the Central American conflicts as hemispheric battles over communist expansion. It is estimated that nearly 40 journalists lost their lives in the twelve-year conflict.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Economy; Development; Daily life
- Country
- El Salvador
- Subject -- Personal Name
- Ivan Montecinos
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0233_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96361
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Journalists And Civilians Navigate The Pan American Highway
- Date
- 1983-06-24
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A Salvadoran journalist uses a white flag to indicate to armed guerrillas from the Fuerzas Populares de Liberación, FPL, ahead on the road that he and his colleagues are traveling in peace along the Pan American Highway to San Vicente, El Salvador, June 24, 1983. Control of the Pan American Highway in El Salvador continually changed hands between FPL guerrillas and state security forces throughout the armed conflict. It is estimated that nearly 40 journalists lost their lives in the twelve-year civil war.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Economy; Development; Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí (FPL)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0234_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96362
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- FMLN Guerrillas In Tenancingo, El Salvador
- Date
- 1983-06-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Stone barriers placed by guerrillas from the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN, block the main road near Tenancingo, El Salvador, June 1, 1983. Disrupting the transportation of commercial goods on major highways was one of several types of insurgency campaigns employed by the guerrillas against state economic infrastructure. It also proved successful in reducing the mobility of the Salvadoran Armed Forces and paramilitary forces.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Economy; Development; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0062_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96190
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Coffee Plantation In El Salvador
- Date
- 1982-10-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Laborers gather 60 kg bags of picked green coffee beans in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, October 1, 1982. The coffee industry, once the backbone of El Salvador's export economy, has been in decline since the civil war, with factors including the decrease in the price of coffee on the market and continued warfare between government security forces and insurgents. In the last decades, the effects of climate change have emerged as a central concern for the industry in El Salvador and other neighboring Central American countries.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Economy; Agriculture; Labor; Export; Development; Coffee
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_nb_0099_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96227
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- USAID Road Construction Project In San Vicente
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A sign announces housing and a work-for-pay-and-food construction program sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID. San Vicente, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. USAID efforts in El Salvador were dramatically shaped by U.S. geopolitical concerns during the Cold War. Social and economic programs served as both humanitarian relief and a counterinsurgency strategy of pacification that was refined from its previous employment during the Vietnam War.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; Development; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0113_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96580
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- FMLN Guerrilla On Pan American Highway
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Portrait of an unidentified Salvadoran guerrilla, a cigarette in his hand and a rifle over his shoulder, as he stands in the middle of the Pan American Highway in central El Salvador, April 1, 1983. The Pan American Highway in El Salvador was a contentious site for guerrilla attacks and army retaliation throughout the armed conflict. The FMLN attacked infrastructure and commerce in campaigns of economic sabotage, further testing military units and disrupting the daily life of civilians.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Economy; Export; Development; Marxism-Leninism; Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0040_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96507
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- USAID Road Construction Project In San Vicente
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Laborers repair a road for a work-for-pay-and-food construction program sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID, in San Vicente, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. USAID efforts in El Salvador were dramatically shaped by U.S. geopolitical concerns during the Cold War. Social and economic programs served as both humanitarian relief and a counterinsurgency strategy of pacification that was refined from its previous employment during the Vietnam War.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; Development; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0169_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96636
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- USAID Road Construction Project In San Vicente
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Laborers repair a road for a work-for-pay-and-food construction program sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID, in San Vicente, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. USAID efforts in El Salvador were dramatically shaped by U.S. geopolitical concerns during the Cold War. Social and economic programs served as both humanitarian relief and a counterinsurgency strategy of pacification that was refined from its previous employment during the Vietnam War.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; Development; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0170_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96637
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- USAID Road Construction Project In San Vicente
- Date
- 1983-04-01
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Laborers repair a road for a work-for-pay-and-food construction program sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, USAID, in San Vicente, El Salvador, April 1, 1983. The twelve-year Salvadoran civil war was rooted in class conflict; the country's high economic disparity had existed since Spanish colonial rule and continued after peace negotiations concluded in 1992.
- Subject
- Central America; El Salvador; Civil war; Counterinsurgency; United States foreign policy; Psychological warfare; Foreign aid; Humanitarian aid; Cold War; Development; United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
- Country
- El Salvador
- Local Identifier
- elsalvador_ct_0171_web.tif
- URI/handle
- http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96638
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1983 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Serra Pelada Gold Mine In Brazil's Para State
- Date
- 1985-07-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A foreman oversees a mining plot at the bottom of the Serra Pelada gold mine in Serra Pelada, Brazil, July 15, 1985. Each plot owner had a claim of 6.6 feet (2 meters) by 9.8 feet (3 meters). Multiple plots were bought and sold. Up to 80,000 mine workers, or garimpeiros, worked in the mine during the peak production period of the mid-1980's. After numerous land slides and lack of enforcement of safety and health measures, the mine was closed by flooding the open pit area. A Brazilian joint venture headed by Colossus Minerals, Inc and COOMIGASP was granted a license to open the mine in mid-2013. Serra Pelada was home to the largest gold rush in Latin American history from 1979-the mid-1980's.
- Subject
- Amazon Basin; Gold; Mine; Mining; Danger; Natural Resource; Employment; Labor; Minerals; Development; Occupation; Human Interest; Pollution; Environment; Mercury; Toxicity
- Country
- Brazil
- Local Identifier
- brazil_ct_0001_web.tif
- Rights statement
- Copyright 2012 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Serra Pelada Gold Mine In Brazil's Para State
- Date
- 1985-07-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Workers carry out 40-pound bags of ore from their owners mining claims in Serra Pelada, Brazil, July 15, 1985. The mine workers, or garimpeiros, were paid $2-3 U.S.D. per day. Each miner had a claim of 6.6 feet (2 meters) by 9.8 feet (3 meters). Multiple plots were bought and sold. Up to 80,000 garimpeiros worked in the mine during the peak production period of the mid-1980's. After numerous land slides and lack of enforcement of safety and health measures, the mine was closed by flooding the open pit area. A Brazilian joint venture headed by Colossus Minerals, Inc and COOMIGASP was granted a license to open the mine in mid-2013. Serra Pelada was home to the largest gold rush in Latin American history from 1979-the mid-1980's. Approximately $500 million U.S.D. of gold was mined in Serra Pelada before it closed. Platinium and palladium was also mined.
- Subject
- Amazon Basin; Gold; Mine; Mining; Danger; Natural Resource; Employment; Labor; Minerals; Development; Occupation; Human Interest; Pollution; Environment; Mercury; Toxicity
- Country
- Brazil
- Local Identifier
- brazil_ct_0002_web.tif
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1985 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Serra Pelada Gold Mine In Brazil's Para State
- Date
- 1985-07-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Workers carry out 40-pound bags of ore from their owners mining claims in Serra Pelada, Brazil, July 15, 1985. The mine workers, or garimpeiros, were paid $2-3 U.S.D. per day. Each miner had a claim of 6.6 feet (2 meters) by 9.8 feet (3 meters). Multiple plots were bought and sold. Up to 80,000 garimpeiros worked in the mine during the peak production period of the mid-1980's. After numerous land slides and lack of enforcement of safety and health measures, the mine was closed by flooding the open pit area. A Brazilian joint venture headed by Colossus Minerals, Inc and COOMIGASP was granted a license to open the mine in mid-2013. Serra Pelada was home to the largest gold rush in Latin American history from 1979-the mid-1980's. Approximately $500 million U.S.D. of gold was mined in Serra Pelada before it closed. Platinium and palladium was also mined.
- Subject
- Amazon Basin; Gold; Mine; Mining; Danger; Natural Resource; Employment; Labor; Minerals; Development; Occupation; Human Interest; Pollution; Environment; Mercury; Toxicity
- Country
- Brazil
- Local Identifier
- brazil_ct_0003_web.tif
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1985 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Serra Pelada Gold Mine In Brazil's Para State
- Date
- 1985-07-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Workers carry out 40-pound bags of ore from their owners mining claims in Serra Pelada, Brazil, July 15, 1985. The mine workers, or garimpeiros, were paid $2-3 U.S.D. per day. Each miner had a claim of 6.6 feet (2 meters) by 9.8 feet (3 meters). Multiple plots were bought and sold. Up to 80,000 garimpeiros worked in the mine during the peak production period of the mid-1980's. After numerous land slides and lack of enforcement of safety and health measures, the mine was closed by flooding the open pit area. A Brazilian joint venture headed by Colossus Minerals, Inc and COOMIGASP was granted a license to open the mine in mid-2013. Serra Pelada was home to the largest gold rush in Latin American history from 1979-the mid-1980's. Approximately $500 million U.S.D. of gold was mined in Serra Pelada before it closed. Platinium and palladium was also mined.
- Subject
- Amazon Basin; Gold; Mine; Mining; Danger; Natural Resource; Employment; Labor; Minerals; Development; Occupation; Human Interest; Pollution; Environment; Mercury; Toxicity
- Country
- Brazil
- Local Identifier
- brazil_ct_0030_web.tif
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1985 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Serra Pelada Gold Mine In Brazil's Para State
- Date
- 1985-07-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Workers carry out 40-pound bags of ore from their owners mining claims in Serra Pelada, Brazil, July 15, 1985. The mine workers, or garimpeiros, were paid $2-3 U.S.D. per day. Each miner had a claim of 6.6 feet (2 meters) by 9.8 feet (3 meters). Multiple plots were bought and sold. Up to 80,000 garimpeiros worked in the mine during the peak production period of the mid-1980's. After numerous land slides and lack of enforcement of safety and health measures, the mine was closed by flooding the open pit area. A Brazilian joint venture headed by Colossus Minerals, Inc and COOMIGASP was granted a license to open the mine in mid-2013. Serra Pelada was home to the largest gold rush in Latin American history from 1979-the mid-1980's. Approximately $500 million U.S.D. of gold was mined in Serra Pelada before it closed. Platinium and palladium was also mined.
- Subject
- Amazon Basin; Gold; Mine; Mining; Danger; Natural Resource; Employment; Labor; Minerals; Development; Occupation; Human Interest; Pollution; Environment; Mercury; Toxicity
- Country
- Brazil
- Local Identifier
- brazil_ct_0031_web.tif
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1985 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Serra Pelada Gold Mine In Brazil's Para State
- Date
- 1985-07-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A gold mine worker, or garimpeiro, stands for a picture in Serra Pelada, Brazil, July 15, 1985. Garimpeiros were paid $2-3 U.S.D. per day. Up to 80,000 garimpeiros worked in the mine during the peak production period in the mid-1980's. After numerous land slides and lack of enforcement of safety and health measures, the mine was closed by flooding the open pit area. A Brazilian joint venture headed by Colossus Minerals, Inc and COOMIGASP was granted a license to open the mine in mid-2013. Serra Pelada was home to the largest gold rush in Latin American history from 1979-the mid-1980's.
- Subject
- Amazon Basin; Gold; Mine; Mining; Danger; Natural Resource; Employment; Labor; Minerals; Development; Occupation; Human Interest; Pollution; Environment; Mercury; Toxicity
- Country
- Brazil
- Local Identifier
- brazil_ct_0032_web.tif
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1985 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Serra Pelada Gold Mine In Brazil's Para State
- Date
- 1985-07-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- A paymaster hands over wages to gold mine workers, or garimpeiros, in Serra Pelada, Brazil, July 15, 1985. The laborers were paid $2-3 U.S.D. per day. Up to 80,000 garimpeiros worked in the mine during the peak production period in the mid-1980's. After numerous land slides and lack of enforcement of safety and health measures, the mine was closed by flooding the open pit area. A Brazilian joint venture headed by Colossus Minerals, Inc and COOMIGASP was granted a license to open the mine in mid-2013. Serra Pelada was home to the largest gold rush in Latin American history from 1979-the mid-1980's.
- Subject
- Amazon Basin; Gold; Mine; Mining; Danger; Natural Resource; Employment; Labor; Minerals; Development; Occupation; Human Interest; Pollution; Environment; Mercury; Toxicity
- Country
- Brazil
- Local Identifier
- brazil_ct_0033_web.tif
- Rights statement
- Copyright 2012 Robert Nickelsberg
- Title
- Serra Pelada Gold Mine In Brazil's Para State
- Date
- 1985-07-15
- Creator
- Nickelsberg, Robert
- Description
- Mine workers use picks and shovels to break up ore in single plot claims of 6.6 feet (2 meters) by 9.8 feet (3 meters) in Serra Pelada, Brazil, July 15, 1985. The workers, or garimpeiros, were paid $2-3 U.S.D. per day. Up to 80,000 garimpeiros worked in the mine during the peak production period in the mid-1980's. After numerous land slides and lack of enforcement of safety and health measures, the mine was closed by flooding the open pit area. A Brazilian joint venture headed by Colossus Minerals, Inc and COOMIGASP was granted a license to open the mine in mid-2013. Serra Pelada was home to the largest gold rush in Latin American history from 1979-the mid-1980's.
- Subject
- Amazon Basin; Gold; Mine; Mining; Danger; Natural Resource; Employment; Labor; Minerals; Development; Occupation; Human Interest; Pollution; Environment; Mercury; Toxicity
- Country
- Brazil
- Local Identifier
- brazil_ct_0034_web.tif
- Rights statement
- Copyright 1985 Robert Nickelsberg