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Title: 1982 Coup Planner Captain Rodolfo Muñoz
Date: 1982-03-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A view of Captain Carlos Rodolfo Muñoz Piloña, center, as he walks down a hallway in the Guatemalan National Palace on March 23, 1982, after the military coup d'etat that installed General Ríos Montt into power. Captain Muñoz was the mastermind behind the military coup.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Cold War
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Rodolfo Muñoz Piloña
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0117_web.tif
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of international journalists are shown captured weapons from a guerrilla safe house found by the Guatemalan Army in the regional military garrison run by Colonel Byron Lima Estrada in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Col. Lima Estrada was commander of the Quiché department army garrison. He received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, Lima Estrada served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns against the Maya population in the highlands. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which remains one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0070_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96795
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of a cache of weapons and propaganda materials recently seized by the military from a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. The EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. The EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0029_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96878
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: View of a cache of weapons and propaganda materials recently seized by the military from a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house with General Benedicto Lucas García, far right, at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. The EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. The EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Benedicto Lucas García
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Benedicto Lucas García
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0030_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96879
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, center, shows a group of international journalists a cache of weapons recently found by the military in a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Col. Lima Estrada was commander of the Quiché department army garrison. He received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, Lima Estrada served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns in the 1980s. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which is considered one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); School of the Americas (SOA); Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0036_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96885
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of international journalists are shown a cache of weapons recently found by the military in a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house with General Benedicto Lucas García, far right, at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, the Santa Cruz del Quiché garrison commander, center, observes the guerrilla equipment. In 1981 the military regime and the Guatemalan army initiated a brutal counterinsurgency program of scorched earth tactics to consolidate control over civilians and counteract the influence of the guerrilla insurgency. The genocidal policies enacted by President Fernando Romeo Lucas García and later by Efraín Ríos Montt were also intended to eradicate the culture and identity of the indigenous population. For his role as army general in the internal armed conflict, General Benedicto Lucas García was sentenced on May 23, 2018 to 58 years in prison for crimes against humanity, aggravated sexual violence, and enforced disappearance. Col. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which is considered one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Human rights violations; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Benedicto Lucas García; Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Benedicto Lucas García; Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0037_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96886
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A Guatemalan army soldier looks over a cache of weapons recently found by the military in a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house at the regional military garrison in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. The EGP emerged in 1967 from dissident factions of the guerrilla organization Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes, Rebel Armed Forces, FAR, Catholic followers of liberation theology, and students affiliated with the Juventud Patriótica del Trabajo, JPT, a youth wing of the Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, Guatemalan Labor Party, PGT. The EGP established themselves in the highlands where civilian support for their cause was high. Among their demands were land reform, access to healthcare, and a respect for human rights, particularly for the Maya population of the country.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Civilian casualties; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Cold War; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP)
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0041_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96890
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, center right, the commander of the Quiché department army garrison, looks over captured weapons and explosives found in a Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, safe house outside of Santa Cruz del Quiche, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Lima Estrada received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, he served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns in the 1980s. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which is considered one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Military aid; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Human rights violations; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Cold War; Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0035_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96884
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Captured Guerrilla Weapons Found By Guatemalan Armed Forces In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of international journalists are shown captured weapons from a guerrilla safe house found by the Guatemalan Army in the regional military garrison run by Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, left, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. Col. Lima Estrada was commander of the Quiché department army garrison. He received U.S. Army counterintelligence training at Fort Benning, Georgia, the School of the Americas, and instruction from the U.S. Army Mobile Training Team (MTT) and the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP). Following his term as intelligence chief, Lima Estrada served as senior officer in key operational units during the Guatemalan Armed Forces' "scorched earth" campaigns against the Maya population in the highlands. Lima Estrada was convicted in 2001 for the 1998 murder of Catholic Bishop Juan José Gerardi Conedera, which remains one of the most infamous crimes of Guatemala's post-war history.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Cold War; United States foreign policy; Military aid; Journalism; Foreign correspondents; Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0064_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96789
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Catholic Church In Santa Cruz del Quiché
Date: 1982-01-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Wooden religious statues stand near the front altar of a Catholic church in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 1, 1982. Guatemala was introduced to Catholicism during the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 16th century.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Religion; Roman Catholic Church; Protestantism; Evangelical movement
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0069_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96794
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Ceremony At National Palace In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-10-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A military-style band marches near the National Palace during a ceremony with General Efraín Ríos Montt in Guatemala City, Guatemala, October 20, 1982. Ríos Montt assumed control through a military coup d'état on March 23, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, is considered the most violent period of the conflict. Ríos Montt enjoyed close ties with the Reagan administration and with Christian conservatives in the United States. He has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0101_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96826
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Ceremony At National Palace In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-10-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A military-style band marches near the National Palace during a ceremony with General Efraín Ríos Montt in Guatemala City, Guatemala, October 20, 1982. Ríos Montt assumed control through a military coup d'état on March 23, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, is considered the most violent period of the conflict. Ríos Montt enjoyed close ties with the Reagan administration and with Christian conservatives in the United States. He has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0102_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96827
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Ceremony At National Palace In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-10-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilians watch as General Efraín Ríos Montt arrives for a ceremony at the National Palace in Guatemala City, Guatemala, October 20, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, is considered the most violent period of the conflict. Ríos Montt enjoyed close ties with the Reagan administration and with Christian conservatives in the United States. He has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0104_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96829
Rights statement: Copyright 1982 Robert Nickelsberg

Title: Ceremony At National Palace In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-10-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Civilians watch as General Efraín Ríos Montt arrives for a ceremony at the National Palace in Guatemala City, Guatemala, October 20, 1982. His 17-month term as de facto head of state, in which he installed a military regime, dissolved the congress, and suspended the constitution, is considered the most violent period of the conflict. Ríos Montt enjoyed close ties with the Reagan administration and with Christian conservatives in the United States. He has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; United States foreign policy; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0105_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96830

Title: Civilian Checked By Guatemalan Army In Quiché
Date: 1982-02-01
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A civilian is checked for weapons by Guatemalan army soldiers outside of Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, February 1, 1982. In 1981 the Lucas García military regime and the Guatemalan army initiated a brutal counterinsurgency program of scorched earth tactics to consolidate control over civilians and counteract the influence of the guerrilla insurgency. The genocidal policies enacted by Lucas García and later by Ríos Montt were also intended to eradicate the culture and identity of the indigenous population.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Military; Counterinsurgency; Daily life
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_nb_0065_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96790

Title: Civilians Celebrate Coup Announcement In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-03-24
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Crowds gather in support of the new military junta led by General Efraín Ríos Montt after a successful coup d'état the day earlier in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 24, 1982. In the first days of the coup, Ríos Montt and his military junta received support from many sectors of society who welcomed the shift in power after living through the brutal repression of the previous Lucas García regime. However, after this brief period the repression escalated in both urban and rural areas, with an increase in state-sanctioned massacres of civilians. Ríos Montt has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; United States foreign policy; Coup d'état; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0060_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96909

Title: Civilians Celebrate Coup Announcement In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-03-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of civilians celebrate as they pose with newspapers announcing a coup d'état led by General Efraín Ríos Montt in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 23, 1982. In the first days of the coup, Ríos Montt and his military junta received support from many sectors of society who welcomed the shift in power after living through the brutal repression of the previous Lucas García regime. However, after this brief period the repression escalated in both urban and rural areas, with an increase in state-sanctioned massacres of civilians. Ríos Montt has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; Military; United States foreign policy; Coup d'état; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0052_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96901

Title: Civilians Celebrate Coup Announcement In Guatemala City
Date: 1982-03-23
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: A group of civilians celebrate as they pose with newspapers announcing a coup d'état led by General Efraín Ríos Montt in downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala, March 23, 1982. In the first days of the coup, Ríos Montt and his military junta received support from many sectors of society who welcomed the shift in power after living through the brutal repression of the previous Lucas García regime. However, after this brief period the repression escalated in both urban and rural areas, with an increase in state-sanctioned massacres of civilians. Ríos Montt has since been indicted and tried for genocide and crimes against humanity against the country's Maya Ixil population with the legal proceedings extending until his death on April 1, 2018.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Human rights violations; Government; United States foreign policy; Coup d'état; Cold War; Dictatorship; Efraín Ríos Montt
Country: Guatemala
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0053_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96902

Title: Colonel Byron Lima Estrada Consoloes A Wounded Soldier In Santa Cruz Del Quiché
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, left, consoles a wounded soldier brought for medical aid to the army base in the central highlands after a battle with guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base in San Juan Cotzal leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Colonel Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0020_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96869

Title: Colonel Byron Lima Estrada Meets A Wounded Soldier In Santa Cruz Del Quiché
Date: 1982-01-20
Creator: Nickelsberg, Robert
Description: Guatemalan army Colonel Byron Lima Estrada, left, meets a wounded soldier brought for medical aid to the army base in the central highlands after a battle with guerrillas from the Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres, Guerrilla Army of the Poor, EGP, in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala, January 20, 1982. Over 100 EGP guerrillas attacked the military's highland base in San Juan Cotzal leaving 12 soldiers dead in the official count. According to local civilians and unofficial reports, 34 army soldiers were killed. In retaliation, the Guatemalan army killed 67 civilians in San Juan Cotzal in the following week.
Subject: Guatemala; Civil war; Genocide; Military; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; Guerrilla warfare; Marxism-Leninism; Communism; Ejército Guerillero de los Pobres (EGP); Byron Lima Estrada
Country: Guatemala
Subject -- Personal Name: Byron Lima Estrada
Local Identifier: guatemala_ct_0019_web.tif
URI/handle: http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96868

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